Expressiveness of Temporal Query Languages: On the Modelling of Intervals, Interval Relationships and States

Storing and retrieving time-related information are important, or even critical, tasks on many areas of Computer Science (CS) and in particular for Artificial Intelligence (AI). The expressive power of temporal databases/query languages has been studied from different perspectives, but the kind of temporal information they are able to store and retrieve is not always conveniently addressed. Here we assess a number of temporal query languages with respect to the modelling of time intervals, interval relationships and states, which can be thought of as the building blocks to represent and reason about a large and important class of historic information. To survey the facilities and issues which are particular to certain temporal query languages not only gives an idea about how useful they can be in particular contexts, but also gives an interesting insight in how these issues are, in many cases, ultimately inherent to the database paradigm. While in the area of AI declarative languages are usually the preferred choice, other areas of CS heavily rely on the extended relational paradigm. This paper, then, will be concerned with the representation of historic information in two well known temporal query languages: it Templog in the context of temporal deductive databases, and it TSQL2 in the context of temporal relational databases. We hope the results highlighted here will increase cross-fertilisation between different communities. This article can be related to recent publications drawing the attention towards the different approaches followed by the Databases and AI communities when using time-related concepts

Analyses and Validation of Conditional Dependencies with Built-in Predicates

This paper proposes a natural extension of conditional functional dependencies (CFDS [14]) and conditional inclusion dependencies (CINDS [8]), denoted by CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s, respectively, by specifying patterns of data, values with not equal, <, <=, > and >= predicates. As data quality rules, CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s are able to capture errors that commonly arise in practice but cannot, be detected by CFDS and CINDS. We establish two sets of results for central technical problems associated with CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s. (a) One concerns the satisfiability and implication problems for CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s, taken separately or together. These are important for, e.g., deciding whether data, quality rules are dirty themselves, and for removing redundant rules. We show that despite the increased expressive power, the static analyses of CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s retain the same complexity as their CFDs and CINDs counterparts. (b) The other concerns validation of CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s. We show that given a set Sigma of CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s on a database D, a, set of SQL queries can be automatically generated that, when evaluated against D, return all tuples in D that violate some dependencies in Sigma. This provides commercial DBMS with an immediate capability to detect errors based on CFD(p)s and CIND(p)s.Computer Science, Information SystemsComputer Science, Theory & MethodsEICPCI-S(ISTP)

How young people perceive change to occur in family therapy for anorexia nervosa:a qualitative study

Background: Family therapy for anorexia nervosa (FT-AN) is the first line recommended treatment for child and adolescent anorexia nervosa. Despite evidence of its efficacy, little is understood about the treatment mechanisms. This study aimed to understand how young people who have received FT-AN perceive change to occur across treatment. Method: Fifteen adolescents (age 12–18 years) completed individual semi-structured interviews online. Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Four inter-connected themes describing the process of change during treatment were generated; (1) relationships as the vehicle for change, (2) an awakening, (3) through, not around – no way out, (4) the life beyond. Conclusions: Current data match relatively closely with theoretical models of FT-AN and emphasise the importance of building trust with all family members, including the young person. Additionally, supporting the family to create a trusting context in which there is a sense that the only way out of the illness is by going through it (rather than avoiding it) is critical. Empirical investigation of each of the described mechanisms is needed.</p

RESULTATS PRELIMINAIRES DE L'ETUDE DE LA REACTION 48Ti (t, α) 47Sc A UNE ENERGIE INCIDENTE DE 12 MeV

Nous avons étudié les niveaux de 47Sc au moyen de la réaction 48Ti (t, α) 47Sc à une énergie incidente de 12 MeV ; nous avons observé 23 niveaux jusqu'a une énergie d'excitation voisine de 4 MeV. Une analyse DWBA des distributions angulaires des α correspondant aux premiers niveaux de 47Sc a donné des résultats satisfaisants.The 48Ti (t, α) 47Sc reaction has been used at a bombarding energy of about 12 MeV to investigate the states of 47Sc up to about 4 MeV excitation energy. The angular distributions for the first few levels have been analysed successfully by the DWBA method

Physiological responses in handcycling. Preliminary study.

INTRODUCTION: In the field of sports for the disabled, this last decade has been marked by the development of handcycling. Although assessment of maximal capacity during arm exercises in cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) has been widely investigated, investigations of maximal capacity in handcyclists remain less frequent. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological parameters of an incomplete quadriplegic athlete (cervical lesion C5-C6; ASIA-D) during an adapted incremental handcycling test and to judge the appropriateness of the test. Using such a test, it will then be possible to determine the individualized training program intensity needed to improve the athlete's aerobic capacity. METHODS: The athlete completed an incremental hand cycling test (i.e., an adapted Léger-Boucher test), with the handbike mounted on an ergotrainer. The athlete's physiological parameters were recorded during the test, and the pedalling rate and the perceived exertion rate were estimated. Given the athlete's pathology, ergonomic adaptations were necessary in order to improve comfort and propulsion quality. RESULTS: The maximum values recorded ( [Formula: see text] = 1.16l/min; [La]=7.7mmol/l; heart rate peak=133beats/min; maximum respiratory frequency=85cycles/min and averaged pedaling rate=95tours/min) indicate that the incremental test, adapted for handcycling, is maximal, and consequently, it should be possible to individualize the training intensity. CONCLUSION: This test is innovative and potentially applicable in a booming discipline garnering more and more interest. However, first it is necessary to extend this test to a larger population and to test the extended application in field